Peter's Denials of Jesus
 How many times did Peter deny the Lord? Each of the 4 gospels records 3 denials each. So when you read each gospel separately, you think that Peter denied the Lord only 3 times.
When you compare all 4 gospels, some of the denials recorded in different gospels are the same, and others seem that they could not be the same. This, however, is not the major problem with there being only 3 denials, because it could be possible that 2 accounts of the same incident could appear to be different. The bigger problem with only 3 denials is the Lord's specific and emphasized prophecy.
Matt, Luke and John give the Lord's prophecy that the rooster shall not crow until after Peter denies the Lord 3 times. Then each of these 3 gospels record Peter denying the Lord 3 times that night before a rooster crows.
Mark, however, says that that the Lord told Peter that Peter would deny the Lord 3 times before the rooster crows twice. Then, Mark's account records that Peter denies the Lord once and a rooster crows. After the rooster crows, Peter denies the Lord 2 more times, and a rooster crows again.
Both prophecies given by the Lord must be true. Truly, truly, a rooster would not crow until Peter had denied the Lord 3 times. But Mark records that Peter denied the Lord only once before the first rooster crow, and then two more times before the second rooster crow. Therefore there must be at least 2 additional denials by Peter before that first rooster crow recorded in Mark. This requires that Peter denied the Lord at least 5 times. The accounts in the gospels also witness to this, with big differences between corresponding denials in the 3 gospels.
Another explanation is that the 1st rooster crow recorded in Mark wasn't a full rooster crow, so it didn't count in the prophecy recorded in Matthew, Luke and John, though it did count in the prophecy recorded by Mark. I think this kind of explanation should be one of last resort. If the accounts in the 4 gospels all recorded the same denials, then maybe it is the best explanation, but this is opposite to what we have here.
I think the reason the Lord gave the 2 rooster crow prophecy to Peter is His mercy, because Peter would not repent after only 1 rooster crow.
I will 1st go through the denials in the order that they appear in each gospel, comparing the 1st denial in each gospel with the 1st denials of the other 3 gospels, and so forth with the 2nd and 3rd denials.
1st denial in each gospel  - Matt, Mk and Lk record the same incident, but John's is very different. John's takes place at the door to Annas' palace, whereas the others take place sitting by the fire in the courtyard.
2nd denial in each gospel  - Matt's & Mark's should be the same incident, but John's and Luke's are different. In John, Peter is standing in Annas' palace by a fire, and those around him ask him if he was also Jesus' disciple.
In Matt & Mark, Peter had left the light of the fire to go to the porch so as not to be recognized. In Matt, a different female servant asserts to the others that he was with Jesus. In Mark it is the same female servant as in the 1st denial.
In Luke a male servant asserts to Peter that he is one of them. Luke's denial occured quite some time before Matt's & Mark's as shown by the next denial.
Luke says this happened about 1 hr after the previous denial in Luke, but Matt & Mark say that it was "a little while" after their previous denials. I do not think that 1 hr is "a little while" in this context. In this context, 1 hr is a long time. This shows that the previous denial in Luke happened quite some time before the previous denials in Matt and Mark.
This maid was not antagonistic to Peter. She knew John, and John spoke to her to let Peter in. She asked Peter, Are you also one of Jesus' disciples? "Also" means in addition to John.
Why was John not afraid to let them know that he was Jesus' disciple, but Peter was? I think it was because Peter had cut off the ear of the high priest's servant. This was very serious, for which Peter could be put to death. This is why Matt, Mark and Luke do not mention who cut off the slave's ear, because if they did, Peter could be prosecuted. John wrote after Peter had gone to be with the Lord, so John writes plainly that Peter cut off the slave's ear ( Jn 18:10), and mentions the relative of that slave in connection to Peter's denials.
John may have remembered the Lord's word that none of them would perish ( Jn 18:9; 17:12).
2nd denial  - John's 2nd denial. Though this denial appears after v24 in which Jesus was sent to Caiaphas, it clearly happens while Jesus is being examined at Annas' because it continues verse 18.
These people do not seem to be antagonistic to Peter. They ask him instead of asserting. I think "also one of His disciples" means in addition to John.
3rd denial  - Matt, Mk & Lk's 1st denial. In the previous denial Peter was standing by a fire, but now he is sitting. This happened close to morning because Mark records that a rooster crowed shortly afterward. This woman does not ask Peter if he is Jesus' disciple, but asserts that he is because she sees his face in the light of the fire and recognizes him from Jesus' ministry. It seems she was antagonistic because according to Luke she told others that Peter was also Jesus' disciple. All 3 accounts here use the word "also", so I think they knew that John was a disciple.
It is hard to say whether this denial took place at Annas' or Caiaphas' palaces.
4th denial  - Luke's 2nd denial & Jn's 3rd. After the previous denial, Peter became more careful, and moved out to the porch, away from the fire so he couldn't be seen clearly. However, the previous maid had told others, so this relative of Malchus, whose ear Peter cut off, followed him out on the porch and confronted him.
John records that the rooster crowed immediately after this. In the previous denial, Mark does not say that the rooster crowed immediately after, so there was time for another denial.
John does not say that Peter repented after this rooster crow. It took another rooster crow before Peter would repent.
5th denial  - Matt's & Mark's 2nd denial. This happened after the 1st rooster crow, so it was after the previous denial. Peter was particularly troubled by this maid who had gotten a good look at him by the fire and now saw him on the porch and was telling others.
Though there are 2 differences between Matt's and Mark's denials, I think they are the same incident. (They could be 2 different denials. It is not important.)
The 2 differences are 1) Mark says it was the same maid as in Mark's & Matt's 1st denial, but Matt says it is a different maid. 2) Matt says that Peter denied with an oath, but Mark just says that Peter denied it again. These are the kinds of differences one would expect from 2 true accounts of the same incident by different people.
It may be that the 1st maid brought her friend, a 2nd maid, who was louder than she was, to accuse Peter. And it may be that Matt just gives more detail than Mark in saying that Peter denied with an oath.
The details of time and place, which would separate these into 2 different denials, are the same. Both are just "a little while" before the final denial, and both are on the porch.
If I were to consider these as 2 different denials, then I would place Matt's after Mark's because Peter has deteriorated from just denying to denying with an oath, which he continues to do more so in the final denial.
All Peter's efforts to save himself were causing him to sink deeper.
6th denial  - Matt, Mark & Luke's 3rd denial. Even though Peter was not near a fire, so people could not see him well, his Galilean accent gave him away. This was due to his previous denial to the 2 maids. His denying with an oath exposed his accent more than a simple denial would have.
If I am correct that Luke's 2nd denial = John's 3rd, then the time between the 1st and 2nd rooster crows was about 1 hr.
-copyright Steve Miller 2010
written 12/3/2010
|
The Lord Predicts Peter's Denials
Mt 26:34  Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
Lu 22:34 And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.
John 13:38 Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.
3 denials before a rooster crows twice
Mr 14:30  And Jesus saith unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this day, even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice.
 |
Matthew 26
|
Mark 14
|
Luke 22
|
John 18
|
At the door of Annas' palace
To the female doorkeeper (John)
In the courtyard
sitting by the fire
to one of the maids of the high priest (Matt, Mark, Luke)
|
58 But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest’s palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.
...
69 Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee.
70 But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou sayest.
|
54 And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire.
...
66 And as Peter was beneath in the palace, there cometh one of the maids of the high priest:
67 And when she saw Peter warming himself, she looked upon him, and said, And thou also wast with Jesus of Nazareth.
68 But he denied, saying, I know not, neither understand I what thou sayest.
|
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
|
15 And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.
16 But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.
17 Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.
|
In Annas' palace
To the servants and officers
standing & warming themselves (John)
On the porch to manservant shortly after the previous denial (Lk)
On the porch to women almost 1 hr after previous denial (Mat & Mk)
|
71 And when he was gone out into the porch, another maid saw him, and said unto them that were there, This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth.
72 And again he denied with an oath, I do not know the man.
|
And he went out into the porch; and the cock crew.
Mr 14:69 And the maid saw him again, and began to say to them that stood by, This is one of them.
Mr 14:70 And he denied it again
|
58 And after a little while another [male] saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
|
18 And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.
...
25 And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.
|
To a relative of the servant whose ear Peter cut off, followed immediately by a rooster crow (John).
Exposed by his Galilean accent
followed immediately by a rooster crowing and Peter's repentance (Matt, Mk, Lk).
|
73 And after a little while came unto him they that stood by, and said to Peter, Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech betrays thee.
74 Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew.
75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly.
|
And a little after, they that stood by said again to Peter, Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a Galilean, and thy speech agreeth thereto.
71 But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man of whom ye speak.
72 And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept.
|
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
|
26 One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?
27 Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.
|
 |
Matthew 26
|
Mark 14
|
Luke 22
|
John 18
|
At the door of Annas' palace
To the female doorkeeper
|
 |
 |
 |
15 And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.
16 But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.
17 Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.
|
In Annas' palace
To the servants and officers
standing & warming themselves
|
 |
 |
 |
18 And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.
...
25 And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.
|
In the courtyard
sitting by the fire
to one of the maids of the high priest
|
58 But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest’s palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.
...
69 Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee.
70 But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou sayest.
|
54 And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire.
...
66 And as Peter was beneath in the palace, there cometh one of the maids of the high priest:
67 And when she saw Peter warming himself, she looked upon him, and said, And thou also wast with Jesus of Nazareth.
68 But he denied, saying, I know not, neither understand I what thou sayest.
|
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
|
 |
On the porch
to a male servant of the high priest
followed immediately by a cock crow
|
71 And when he was gone out into the porch,
|
And he went out into the porch;
and the cock crew.
|
58 And after a little while another [male] saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
|
26 One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?
27 Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.
|
Standing on the porch accused by the same maid as in the 3rd denial
|
another maid saw him, and said unto them that were there, This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth.
72 And again he denied with an oath, I do not know the man.
|
Mr 14:69 And the maid saw him again, and began to say to them that stood by, This is one of them.
Mr 14:70 And he denied it again.
|
 |
 |
Standing on the porch
exposed by his Galilean accent
followed immediately by a rooster crowing and Peter's repentance
|
73 And after a little while came unto him they that stood by, and said to Peter, Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech betrays thee.
74 Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew.
75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly.
|
And a little after, they that stood by said again to Peter, Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a Galilean, and thy speech agreeth thereto.
71 But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man of whom ye speak.
72 And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept.
|
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
|
 |
Post comment:
Jn 18:8  "I told you that I am he," Jesus answered. "If you are looking for me, then let these men go." 9 This happened so that the words he had spoken would be fulfilled: "I have not lost one of those you gave me."
Jn 17:12 While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.
Jn 18:10  Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his right ear. (The servant’s name was Malchus.) 11 Jesus commanded Peter, "Put your sword away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?"
Jn 18:12  Then the detachment of soldiers with its commander and the Jewish officials arrested Jesus. They bound him 13 and brought him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year.
Jn 18:24  So Annas sent Him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
Matt 26:57 And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. 58 But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest’s palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.
Mk 14:53 And they led Jesus away to the high priest: and with him were assembled all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes. 54 And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire.
Lk 22:54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
-copyright Steve Miller 2010
written 12/3/2010
|